Re: Colors in Native American Languages

John E. Koontz (koontz@boulder.nist.gov)
Thu, 4 May 1995 08:10:29 -0600


From memory!
>Off the top of my head: Lakhota --
>black => sapa (SAH-pah) [dirty => sapa (SHAH-pah)] sa'pa, s^a'pa
>white => [mental lapse] s^a~ (?), ska'
>red => sa (shah) and luta (LOO-tah) s^a, lu'ta
>blue => to (txhoh) tho' (asp. t)
>yellow => zi (zee *or* zhee) [blond (hair) => zizi] zi' [z^ wi. sound
symbolism]

>brown => gi (gxhee) ghi [sound symb.!]
>green (bluegreen) => tozi (TXHOH-zhee) tho'z^i [compound]
gray xo'ta

I'm not sure of the first 'white' term. The s^a'pa 'dirty, dark' and ska
'clear' terms match the simple alternative dark/light system I mentioned for
Omaha-Ponca, of course.

Since they have the same Proto-Siouan underpinnings, these are mostly pretty
close cognates of the Omaha-Ponca forms, of course, except `red', where s^a'
and lu'ta are both Dakotan innovations - I think OP z^i'de (Proto-Siouan
*yu't-e) is a bit more widespread. The form lu'ta does match OP ni'de
'ripe, cooked'. Notice also similar patterns of deriving new terms like
'brown' and 'green', though this is due to having the same sorts of
derivational resources and the same unrelated acro-language's color system
as a target, and not to any mutual influence.

'Gray' is related to s^o'ta 'cloudy, turbid, smokey; smoke'. (Hope I have
this term right - I'm constantly falling over false analogies when I try to
go outside OP.)
John E. Koontz
NIST:CAML:SCED 883.04 Boulder, CO
koontz@boulder.nist.gov