Philip Huckins (HUCKINS@bcvms.bc.edu), in an article relayed from the
Usenet "soc.culture.native" newssgroup, asks for published accounts
of Native Americans who attended nonreservation boarding schools.
Between November, 1886, and sometime in 1897, more than 100 children,
teenagers, and some young adults from among the Chiricahua and Warm
Springs Apache prisoners of war at Fort Marion, St. Augustine, Florida,
and Mount Vernon Barracks, Alabama, were taken to Carlisle Indian
Industrial School in Pennsylvania. You can find the accounts of two
of them in:
Ball, Eve. *Indeh: An Apache Odyssey*. Provo: Brigham Young Univ.
Press, 1980.
Betzinez, Jason, with Wilbur Strutevant Nye. *I Fought With
Geronimo*. Harrisburg, PA: The Stackpole Co., 1959.
I warn you that present-day Chiricahua and Fort Sill Apaches are
aggravated by the title of the second book. Jason was *taken* on the
warpath with Geronimo in 1881, but never fought under any Apache
leader. Apache boys began an intensive ten-year training for raid-
ing and warfare at the age of nine, which culminated in their going
on four required raids as observers and orderlies for the warriors.
My Fort Sill Apache informants in 1963 stated that Jason went on only
two of the required raids, decided it was a waste of time, and never
completed his training. This meant that he was not recognized as a
warrior, and would not have been chosen by any leader for raiding
and warfare. From all I have been told about Jason, I would have to
say he was a marginal Apache (i.e., acculturated to Euro-American
ways, if not assimilated). So read his account with this in mind.
Grosvenor Pollard
via Elizabeth B. Pollard
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Elizabeth Pollard Bitnet: uahebp01@uahvax1
Systems Librarian Internet: uahebp01@asnuah.asn.net
University of Alabama in Huntsville Compuserve: 72457,1560
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