Advertiser article of Aug 21 continued (sorry about having to
break up the article into several posts, I have a
very loose connection to the Internet)
[I have catenated the three posts I received today together;
unfortunately I think there may be one or more parts missing.--mkk]
That, Morris said, was "genocide" and a violation of international
law.
Hawaiian sovereignty, Morris concluded, comes from and is
inherent in the Hawaiian people and can never be extinguished
except voluntarily by them: "which the Kanaka Maoli (native Hawaiians)
have never voluntarily done."
After a short break, Jackson read the tribunal's 10 findings
and eight recommendations. Most of the findings closely paralleled Morris'
charges. They included:
* That since 1790 the United states flouted indigenous Hawaiian
law, the U.S. Constitution, at least three treaties and numerous
international laws by interfering in the affairs of the sovereign
Hawaiian nation.
* That the United States openly supported, with diplomacy and
military force, "a coup d'etat engineered by alien immigrants;"
a coup that resulted in the illegal 1893 overthrow of the last
reigning Hawaiian monarch. For five years after the overthrow,
the United States illegally supported the usurpers and, in 1898,
annexed Hawaii without either "obtaining the consent of or even
consulting the Kanaka Maoli."
* That after annexation, the United states "forcibly subordinated,
degraded and systematically dispossessed the Kanaka Maoli" and,
in 1959, used an "invalid plebiscite which denied indigenous
Hawaiians the right to express their will with regard to their
political status and the dispostion of their territory" to
incorporate Hawaii as a state.
The judges also studied reports and historical documents relating
to the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy and the manner in which
Hawaii was later annexed by the United States and became a state
in 1959.
Jackson said he and his fellow judges met nightly throughout
the tribunal to discuss the testimony. The testimony was evaluated
in light of international law and Hawaii state law but also included
indigenous law, he said.
The tribunal also made several recommendations, among them
that Hawaii be placed on the United Nations' list of non-self-
governing nations slated for decolonization and that all blood
quantum standards by suspended so Hawaiians can "determine the
composition of its citizenry free from external interference."
-- dwmorga@garbo.uwasa.fi David W. Morgan Honolulu, Hawaii