GOVERNMENT CREATES NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS DEPARTMENT
On Monday, April 7, president Fernando Henrique Cardoso signed a
decree creating the National Human Rights Department, directly linked to
the Ministry of Justice. It's another agency set up to appease the
international public opinion. Both the department itself and the person
assigned to head it, former secretary of the Ministry of Justice Jose
Gregori, were known by the public in general. The president, however,
acted as though it was a surprise and declared that the announcement had
been advanced because of images aired by the TV showing military policemen
torturing Brazilian citizens in Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. It seems
that the president took advantage of the national outrage over those facts
to promote the image of his administration and even the place that he
chose to make the announcement Sunday night, April 6, confirms this
reasoning: the opening session of a UN meeting in Sao Paulo.
It is not the first time that Brazil acts in a similar fashion. After
the violent massacres in Corumbiara, state of Rondonia, and Eldorado dos
Carajas, state of Para, the Brazilian government created the Ministry of
Land Reform, which has not produced any practical results so far in terms
of implementing fair land policies in the country. This is why human
rights entities are skeptical about the new department. Police violence in
Brazil is not a new fact. In reports issued by Amnesty International and
Human Rights, there are special chapters on this issue. In various
Brazilian cities, fora have been denouncing ghastly situations. But the
international repercussions of the abuse of power by the police led the
federal administration to deal with the issue as if it were a new fact.
The National Human Rights Department was created with the mission of
implementing the National Human Rights Plan and also of dealing with
topics such as violence against minors, child prostitution, violence
against women and the situation in Brazilian penitentiaries.
JOBIM LEAVES THE MINISTRY OF JUSTICE
AFTER ISSUING A PACKAGE REDUCING AREAS
At the same time that the Brazilian government created a Department to
"defend" human rights, minister Jobim left the Ministry of Justice showing
disregard for indigenous rights. The last thing Jobim did before leaving
office, as published in the Official Gazette, was to issue a package of
four decisions involving the following indigenous areas: Kampa do Rio
Envira (Kampa Indians, state of Amazonas), Bau (Kayapo Indians, state of
Para), Apyterewa (Parakana, state of Para), and Seruini-Mariene (Apurina
Indians, state of Amazonas). For two of those areas, Bau and Apyterewa, a
reduction in size was proposed. The bounds will be reviewed.
These four indigenous areas are among the eight in connection with
which Jobim requested new measures on the part of Funai in July 1996. In
December, a similar decision proposed that the Raposa/Serra do Sol area
should be reduced, giving rise to conflicts between Indians and
non-Indians in the state of Roraima. Now, the former minister confirms
once again that the Decree 1,775/96 was truly aimed at reducing indigenous
lands. Decisions are still pending for three other areas: Evare I (Tikuna
people, state of Amazonas), Krikati (Krikati people, state of Maranhao),
and Sete Cerros (Guarani Kaiowa Indians, state of Mato Grosso do Sul).
Nelson Jobim left the Ministry of Justice on Monday, one week before the
arrival of the Landless March to Brasilia and one year after the massacre
in Eldorado dos Carajas. The recent violence of the police seems to have
favored the former minister, as he left office somewhat unnoticed, leaving
the judgment of various massacres and difficult decisions pending. The
former executive secretary of the Ministry of Justice, Milton Seligman, is
now the acting minister.
AIDS RATE AMONG INDIANS GROWS
The eight entities which attended the meeting of the Interinstitutional
Committee for Indigenous Health (CISI) on April 8-9 in Brasilia issued a
document entitled "Open Denunciation of Neglect in the Health Care
Provided to Indigenous Peoples" which describes the poor health care being
provided to indigenous communities.
According to that document, since their first contacts with non-Indian
individuals, indigenous peoples have become victims of the flue, diarrheal
diseases and malaria. Now, the Brazilian Indians are struggling against
tuberculosis, alcoholism, malnutrition, sexually transmitted diseases and
"more recently, they face the imminence of one of the worst ethnocides in
their history as the AIDS rate grows in indigenous areas." Data provided
by the Ministry of Health show that 31 Indians have become infected (in
1996 the figure was 13) in 10 Brazilian states. Altogether, there are
103,262 individuals with AIDS in Brazil. An increase of 2,676 cases was
registered, mostly in the state of Sao Paulo. The entities denounced that
the Ministry of Health has suspended all actions related to the provision
of health care to indigenous peoples. The dismantling of Funai and of the
Ministry poses extremely serious risks to the survival of these
societies. "The omission of the State in the provision of health care to
indigenous peoples is a violation of their constitutional rights," the
document says in conclusion.
TEN YEARS OF IMPUNITY
Ten years have gone by since Cimi's missionary Vicente Canas was
murdered and only a few days ago, on April 8, the court of Juina, state of
Mato Grosso, held the first session for hearing prosecuting witnesses. In
the four-hour audience, judge Marliza Aparecida Vitorio heard the main
prosecuting witness, missionary Thomaz de Aquino Lisboa, a personal friend
of Canas' and with whom he established the first contacts ever with the
Enawene-Nawe people. The audience was held in the presence of defendants
Ronaldo Antonio Osmar, former chief of the civil police of Juina, and
farmers Jose Martinez and Pedro Chiquetti, who is believed to have
instigated the crime. In his deposition, Thomaz Lisboa once again accused
Pedro Chiquetti as the main person behind the crime. One of the
defendants, Carlos Camilo Obici, did not show up and will stand trial "in
absentia." The prosecuting attorney will request a new audience to hear
other witnesses.
Missionary Vicente Canas was murdered between April 6 and 7 of 1987,
but his body was only found on May 16. He was a Spanish-born naturalized
Brazilian and had been working with indigenous peoples for 20 years. The
crime had international repercussions due to its violence. Two years after
the murder, a child found the skull of the Jesuit in a public square in
Belo Horizonte, capital of the state of Minas Gerais.
During the proceedings, various indigenous leaders, Cimi's coordinator
in the state of Mato Grosso, Sebastiao Moreira, and prosecuting witnesses
received death threats. Before he was killed, Canas lived with the
Enawene-Nawe people, who named him Kiwi, and defended the Saluma
indigenous area. This is believed to be the main reason of the murder,
since farmers accused him of leading the resistance of the Indians against
attempts to invade their territory. Canas' murder was only cleared up
through a parallel investigation carried out by Cimi and the Native
Amazonia Operation (Opan).
Brasilia, 10 April 1997
Indianist Missionary Council - Cimi